99年　　翻译题解：　　

71) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. 　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, / modern practice most closely conforms to one / that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.　　第二、句子的结构：　　1)主干结构是While there are almost as... as there are... +主句，While引导让步状语从句，从句中as... as结构是比较级，这句话直译为有多少历史学家，就有多少关于历史的定义。　　2)主句中one是宾语，后面的that从句是它的定语从句。　　3)sees history as把……看作是，不定式短语to recreate and explain...作名词the attempt的定语。　　第三、词的处理：　　While 虽然，尽管　　definitions 定义，界定　　modern practice 现代(补词：史学家的)实践　　conforms to 符合于，趋向于认为　　attempt 试图，尝试　　to recreate 再现，重现(不能说重新创造历史)　　events 事件，结合上下文引申为史实　　完整的译文：　　71)几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为，历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其作出解释。　　

72) Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Interest in historical methods has arisen / less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline / and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.　　第二、句子的结构　　1)主干结构是一个简单句：Interest... has arisen less through ...and more from...　　2)并列状语less through ...and more from的翻译是关键，through和from意思完全相同，表示原因，直译比较少的是因为……，更多的原因是……　　3)challenge后面的不定式短语to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline是它的定语，直译对历史作为一门学科的正确性提出异议，internal quarrels后面的介词短语among historians themselves作quarrels的定语。　　第三、词的处理：　　Interest in historical methods 对历史方法的关注(兴趣)　　arisen 来自于，产生于challenge质疑，挑战　　validity 真实性，正确性as an intellectual discipline作为一门学问(一个学科领域)　　internal quarrels 内部意见不统一，内部分歧　　完整的译文：　　72)人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。　　

73) During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.　　句子分析：　　第一、句子可以拆分为三段：During this transfer, / traditional historical methods were augmented / by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.　　第二、句子的结构：　　1)主干结构是一个被动语态的简单句：...methods were augmented by...　　2)过去分词短语designed to...作句子宾语methodologies的定语。　　第三、词的处理：　　transfer 转变　　augmented 充实，补充　　additional methodologies 新方法 designed to用来　　interpret 阐释，解释，说明　　the new forms of evidence 新的证据形式，根据上下文意思引申为在历史学研究中的新史料　　in the historical study 在(补译：历史学家)研究历史时　　完整的译文：　　73)在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。