1-5 比较法 ------ 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点.

e.g:

       [1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ....... .

       [2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new .

1-6 故事法 ---- 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.

e.g:

       [1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenomenon of... has aroused public concern.

       [2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.

       [3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be(unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.

1-8  问题法 ----- 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.

e.g:

       Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ... But in my opinion , ......