1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,

            适用于有争议性的主题.

例如(e.g)

       [1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently.

       [2]. When it comes to .... , some people believe that ....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter ...)

       [3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....

1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 .

e.g

       [1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.

       [2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ... has been brought into focus. ( has been braught to public attention)

       [3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.

1-3 观点法 ----开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.

e.g:

       [1].  Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ...

Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. been more visible/popular than...

       [2].  Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...

       [3].  Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to......

Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ......

       [4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......

1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点!

e.g:

       [1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people .

       "Education is not complete with graduation." Such is the opinion of a great  American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion.

       [2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like theses/this .

       In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......".